Materials a set of lizard cards that accompanies this document access to a computer that is connected to the internet hhmi short film lizards in an evolutionary tree optional a computer with the freely available clustalx program installed. Lizards in an evolutionary tree published march 2014 page 1 of 10 using dna to explore lizard phylogeny overview this lesson serves as a supplement to the film lizards in an evolutionary tree. Ecology and adaptive radiation of anoles organisms and environments by losos, jonathan isbn. Caribbean anoles and their contributions to evolutionary biology. The film focuses on a closely related group of lizards called anoles genus anolis that live in the caribbean islands. The film focuses on a closely related group of lizards called anoles. Lizard simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Our goal is to disseminate new scientific research, natural history anecdotes, and a wide range of other anolerelated information. Ecology and adaptive radiation of anoles find, read and cite all the research you need on. Phylogeny of anole lizards on four of the major caribbean islands colorcoded. With about 400 species, anolis has played an important role in the adaptive radiation, which results when a single ancestral species gives rise to many descendants, each adapted to a different part of the environment, is possibly the single most important source of biological.
Each island has a number of different ecomorphs which are also found on other islands. Lizards in an evolutionary tree can be bought as an ebook from its publisher, the university of california press. One of the oldestknown amniotes is casineria, which had both amphibian and reptilian characteristics. Lizards in an evolutionary tree educator materials published march 2014 updated april 2015 page 3 of 3 load these sequences into clustalx by choosing from the menu, file load sequences, and then selecting test. Size varies greatly, from geckos of a few inches or cm to the komodo dragon of 3 meters 9 feet. With about 400 species, anolis has played an important role in the development of ecological theory and has become a model system exemplifying the integration of ecological, evolutionary, and behavioral studies to understand evolutionary diversification. One of the beststudied examples involves caribbean anolis lizards. Hhmi educator tips lizards in an evolutionary tree. These divergences in habitat are accompanied by morphological changes.
Losos is recognized for his novel and penetrating evolutionary studies of adaptive radiation in vertebrates, notably his comprehensive study of anolis lizards in tropical america, as summarized in his recent book, lizards in an evolutionary tree. Open the sequence file with a text editor, copy all, and paste it in the box indicated. Changes in ontogenetic patterns facilitate diversification. Ucp charges nearly as much for the ebook as for the hardback. One of the earliest undisputed reptiles was hylonomus. They range across all continents except antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains. They nod their heads at each other, and then the larger one gives chase. This is lizards in an evolutionary tree by veriscope pictures on vimeo, the home for high quality videos and the people who love them. This book was just awarded the daniel giraud elliot medal by the national academy of sciences. Youll see where and when body parts traits became added, substracted and modified. Request pdf on jan 1, 2009, jb losos and others published lizards in an. An indepth look at how the work started by charles darwin is being continued and expanded upon by brilliant scientists all over the world. Losos photographs greater antilles islands, which consist of cuba, hispaniola haiti and the dominican republic, puerto rico and.
We inferred an evolutionary tree using hugall et al. The figures below show two phylogenetic trees similar to the one you constructed in the virtual lab but with more lizards. Naively, i would have thought that a virtual book would be substantially cheaper than its ink and paper counterpart, but not so. The evolution of lungs and legs are the main transitional steps towards reptiles, but the development of hardshelled external eggs replacing the amphibious water bound eggs is the defining feature of the class reptilia and is what allowed these amphibians to fully leave water. Explore the evolutionary path of the green anole lizards found in the caribbean. One is the early carboniferous period about 350 million years ago westlothiana, from europe, which laid leathery eggs but otherwise had an amphibian anatomy, especially pertaining to its wrists and skull. This film describes how this film describes how the more than 700 islands of the caribbean are home to about 150 species of anoles, a closely related group of. Species of caribbean anoles can be categorized into six groups according to their body characteristics morphology and the ecological niches they occupy. Populations of lizards on isolated islands diverge to occupy separate ecological niches, mostly in terms of the location within the vegetation where they forage such as in the crown of trees vs. He then uses a handson activity in which students order different species of anole lizards into a. The results reveal a surprising finding about the evolution. Please practice handwashing and social distancing, and check out our resources for adapting to these times. Lizards in an evolutionary tree published march 2014 updated april 2015, may 2017 page 1 of 10 educator materials using dna to explore lizard phylogeny overview this lesson serves as a supplement to the film lizards in an evolutionary tree.
Anolis lizards are some of the best examples of both adaptive radiation and convergent evolution. In lizards in an evolutionary tree, jonathan losos tells the story of. These lizards live in diverse habitats and vary greatly in size and other physical characteristics, such as leg and tail length and skin color and pattern. Evolutionary history of lizards and snakes reconstructed. The more than 700 islands of the caribbean are home to about 150 species of anoles, a closely related group. On twigs and small branches like these, we find very small anoles with really short legs. Lizards in an evolutionary tree by jonathan losos university of. A new study has utilized a massive molecular dataset to reconstruct the evolutionary history of lizards and snakes.
With about 400 species, anolis has played an important role in the development of. Anole annals is written and edited by scientists who study anolis lizards. Precambrian 4543 mil years ago mostly simple unicellular organisms, then first multicellular organisms 2. Lizards in an evolutionary tree short film from hhmis biointeractive stay safe and healthy. Lizards in an evolutionary tree archives anole annals.
Provide one evolutionary explanation for why lizards living in the same part of the habitat i. Discover how the different species have evolved traits adapted to their environments and developed into distinct. Adaptive radiation, which results when a single ancestral species gives rise to many descendants, each adapted to a different part of the environment, is possibly the single most important source of biological diversity in the living world. Lizards in the same habitat would have similar characteristics because there are many ways to do something, however there is. Lizards in an evolutionary tree request pdf researchgate. Phylostrat tutorial do the traits of organisms provide. The molecular evolutionary tree of lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. Lizards released and stranded on islands show evolution at. Losos is recognized for his novel and penetrating evolutionary studies of adaptive radiation in vertebrates, notably his comprehensive study of anolis lizards in. Most of the evolutionary links have been made and many of the mysteries and mistakes of the past have been solved and corrected with the large reptile tree.
Research on these lizards is enriching our understanding of evolutionary processes, such as adaptation by natural selection, convergent evolution, and the. Ecomorphs are species that occupy a similar niche and have similar morphology and behaviour. Lizards in an evolutionary tree handson activity student handout published march 2014 updated april 2015 page 4 of 6 4. The history of evolution ary theory is tightly linked to vertebrates and islands. The ones marked may be different from the article in the profile. Evolutionary biologist have released lizards onto small islands and watched evolutionary processes at work. Origin of species lizards in an evolutionary tree film guide. The origin of species, lizards in an evolutionary tree on. Students are guided to sort the lizard species by appearance, then generate a phylogenetic tree using the lizards dna sequences to evaluate whether species that appear similar are closely related to each other. Welcome to the study of reptile evolution here youll be able to trace the lineage of major clades, including the line that ultimately led to humans. Depending on how strictly you define the term, there are two prime candidates for the firstever reptile. The groups are referred to as ecological morphotypes, or ecomorphs. Lizards in an evolutionary tree is one of three films in hhmis origin of species collection. Upload the sequence file by clicking choose file and following the instructions.
Lizard evolution virtual lab the more than 700 islands of the caribbean are home to about 150 species of anoles, a group of lizards of the genus anolis. Origin of species lizards in an evolutionary tree film. Lizards in an evolutionary tree student handout handson activity published march 2014 updated april 2015 page 1 of 6 using dna to explore lizard phylogeny introduction. Reptiles originated approximately 300 million years ago during the carboniferous period. In fact, another way to solve the challenge would be to use the evolving lizards window to recreate the evolutionary history of these lizards. Lizards in an evolutionary tree offers a winning combination of enchanting animals leaping lizards ecology and evolution rosemary g. The year of evolution 2009 has reminded biologists and nonbiologists that. The trees below show the evolutionary relationships among species from four ecomorphs from the four largest caribbean islands. Pdf the molecular evolutionary tree of lizards, snakes. Soon after the first amniotes appeared, they diverged into three groups. This cited by count includes citations to the following articles in scholar.
The short film lizards in an evolutionary tree introduces students to how new species arise. Clustalx displays these sequences as shown in the illustration on the right pc version shown. Goodman and others published lizards in an evolutionary tree. Puerto rico, cuba, jamaica, and hispaniola have different species of anole lizards with distinct body types, called ecomorphs. The other, more widely accepted candidate is hylonomus, which lived about 35 million. Ecology and adaptive radiation of anoles adaptive radiation, which results when a single ancestral species. As the smaller lizard flees, it comes to the waters. Together with snakes, they make up the order squamata there are about 6,000 species, which live all over the world, except in cold climates. Published march 2014 updated april 2015, may 2017 page 1 of 10 educator materials using dna to explore lizard phylogeny.
1283 1413 262 317 467 510 721 1285 585 1153 565 444 484 659 1190 124 1065 1098 918 1405 943 1434 813 686 221 398 552 206 1261 1107 1209 78 336 754 234